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Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene

Titanium(IV) chloride

CAS: 7550-45-0

Molecular Formula: Cl4Ti

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Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Names and Identifiers

Name Titanium(IV) chloride
Synonyms Titanium
Titanium chloride
Titaniumchloridemin
Titanium(IV) chloride
Titanium tetrachloride
titanium(4+) tetrachloride
Titanium(IV) chloride solution
Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene
Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in dichloromethane
titanium atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g ti
CAS 7550-45-0
EINECS 231-441-9
InChI InChI=1/4ClH.Ti/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular FormulaCl4Ti
Molar Mass189.68
Density1.73g/mLat 20°C(lit.)
Melting Point−25°C(lit.)
Boling Point135-136°C(lit.)
Flash Point46°F
Water Solubilityreacts
Solubility H2O: soluble
Vapor Presure50 mm Hg ( 55 °C)
AppearanceSolution
Specific Gravity1.726
ColorLight yellow to dark brown
Exposure LimitACGIH: TWA 50 ppmOSHA: TWA 25 ppm; STEL 125 ppmNIOSH: IDLH 2300 ppm
Merck14,9478
Storage ConditionFlammables area
StabilityStable. Reacts with water. Incompatible with moisture, ammonia, amines, alcohols, potassium and other chemically active metals.
Sensitive8: reacts rapidly with moisture, water, protic solvents
Refractive Index1.61
Physical and Chemical PropertiesCharacteristics of colorless or slightly yellow transparent liquid.
melting point -25 ℃
boiling point 136.4 ℃
relative density 1.726
soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and ethanol.
UseFor the preparation of titanium sponge and titanium dioxide, and used as a catalyst

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Risk and Safety

Risk CodesR36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness
R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed
R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child
R48/20 -
R34 - Causes burns
R14 - Reacts violently with water
R11 - Highly Flammable
R23 - Toxic by inhalation
R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect
R37 - Irritating to the respiratory system
R48/23 -
R39/23 -
R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety DescriptionS26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S7/8 -
S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S23 - Do not breathe vapour.
S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition.
S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
UN IDsUN 3289 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany2
RTECSXR1925000
FLUKA BRAND F CODES21
TSCAYes
HS Code28273990
Hazard Class8
Packing GroupII
ToxicityNot found naturally in the environment. Manufactured from
titanium-containing minerals and is used to make metallic titanium, titanium dioxide, and other titanium compounds. An irritant to skin, eyes, mucus membranes, and lungs due to its
interaction with water to form hydrochloric acid, excessive
exposure can result in chemical bronchitus, pneumonia, and
death. Severe burns may result from contact with liquid titanium tetrachloride. Although long term, high dose studies
caused lung tumors in rodents, IARC and other agencies have
not classified titanium tetrachloride for its potential as a human
carcinogen.

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw MaterialsNitrogen
Downstream ProductsTitanium(IV) chloride
clozapine

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

colorless or yellowish transparent liquid with special odor. Relative density (water = 1)1.726I melting point -23~25 °c; Boiling point 136.4 °c; Refractive index 6032. It is miscible with chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and ethanol, and also miscible with bromine to form a deep red solution. When it is in contact with water, it is decomposed to generate hydrogen chloride and poorly soluble hydroxychlorides and hydroxides. Chemical instability, in the air at room temperature can form smoke, in the humid air that is decomposed, the first formation of tic14. 5h20; The final hydrolysis of hydrated titanium dioxide (Ti02. Xh2 0). Many organic materials containing hydrogen or nitrogen may react or form complexes with such organic materials. Absorption of the dried ammonia produced TiC14 · 4NH3 and TiC14-6NH3. The reaction with alcohols produces a titanium Ester [e. G., Ti (ocdh2. 1)4]. And triethylaluminum halide alkyl complex, that is, the famous Ziegler catalyst, is an important catalyst in the polymerization of polymer chemistry.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

with titanium dioxide, carbon powder and starch as raw materials, after mixing them, the chlorine gas is introduced into the chlorination reaction at 600 ℃, and the crude product is obtained by refining.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:01

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Use

Open Data Verified Data

used in the chemical industry as a catalyst for synthesis reactions, with triethyl aluminum can form Ziegler catalyst, with a chlorodiethyl aluminum or half ethyl aluminum (chlorodiethyl aluminum and dichloroethyl aluminum mixture) composition of complex catalyst, these catalysts can be used for the polymerization of ethylene, the polymerization of propylene, and the polymerization of foreign Diene in rubber. It is also a raw material for the production of metal titanium and titanium compounds, which are used in the defense industry to manufacture smoke-proof ammunition.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:02

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

toxic; Non-flammable, with strong corrosive, strong irritation, can cause human burns. Staff should be protected. If the skin and eyes are touched, they should be immediately rinsed with plenty of flowing water. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from fire, heat source. The packaging must be sealed and free from moisture. It shall be stored separately from oxidant, alkali and edible chemical raw materials, and shall not be mixed for storage and transportation. When there is a fire, it can be suppressed by sand and dry powder, and water is prohibited.

Last Update：2022-01-01 09:05:03

Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene - Reference Information

, the process of refining and other processing to produce refined titanium tetrachloride is the main component of the titanium metallurgy process. Titanium-rich materials include rutile, titanium slag and synthetic rutile. The chlorination of the titanium-rich material produces a mixed furnace gas, and pure TiCl4 is obtained only after condensation and separation of the chlorination product of the titanium-rich material and refining of the crude titanium tetrachloride. TiCl4 is a raw material for the production of metallic titanium and titanium dioxide, can also be used as a smoking agent, and is also a raw material for the preparation of TiCl3 (catalyst for preparing polypropylene).
In the 50's of the 20th century, with the development of the production of titanium sponge and titanium dioxide by chlorination, the production of TiCl4 also reached industrial scale. In the early stage of chlorination of titanium-rich materials, titanium tetrachloride was produced by the shaft furnace chlorination method, and then the molten salt chlorination method and the fluidized chlorination method were developed to produce titanium tetrachloride.
Japan and the United States mainly adopt fluidized chlorination, and the Soviet Union has adopted molten salt chlorination since the early 60 s of the 20th century, while the shaft furnace chlorination method has been gradually eliminated, china titanium plant uses two methods: fluidized chlorination and molten salt chlorination. A comparison of the three main chlorination methods is listed in table 2. By the 80's, the world's large-scale chlorination furnace single furnace production capacity has reached 120 to 150 tTiCl4, the process has been relatively mature, equipment has been basically shaped.
The production process of refined titanium tetrachloride from titanium-rich materials is as follows:
NIST chemical information information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
EPA chemical substance information information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
The most important halide of titanium titanium tetrachloride is the most important halide of titanium, it is an important raw material for the production of titanium sponge and titanium white by chloride method. Pure titanium tetrachloride is colorless, transparent, dense and non-conductive liquid, with chemical formula TiCl4 and relative density of 1.726. The melting point was -25 °c and the boiling point was 136.4 °c. Irritating sour taste, easy hydrolysis, white smoke generated in the humid air. Soluble in water and decomposition, also soluble in alcohol, concentrated hydrochloric acid, and chloroform, carbon tetrachloride miscible. By titanium dioxide, carbon powder and sugar mixed into agglomerates, and after coking, more than 600 deg C into chlorine gas or chlorinating agent (such as carbon tetrachloride, etc.).
titanium tetrachloride is a raw material for producing metallic titanium and titanium compounds such as titanium dioxide and titanium trichloride. It is an important component of the ethylene polymerization catalyst, which is used as a smoke agent in the military and as a mordant in the dye industry. It is corrosive, and safety should be paid attention to during storage and transportation.
TiCl4 is non-flammable and non-explosive, but it is highly volatile and reacts intensely when in contact with water, forming a yellow precipitate with a large volume (hydrochloric acid and Ti(OH)) the compound represented by the molecular formula of nClx), and emits a large amount of heat; When exposed to the atmosphere, it reacts with moisture in the air to produce a strong irritating and corrosive HCl white smoke. Therefore, TiCl4 should be stored in a container with good air tightness.
pure TiCl4 hardly corrodes iron at room temperature, and crude TiCl4 or partially hydrolyzed TiCl4 will corrode iron when HCl is dissolved in it. TiCl4 dissolves a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid impurities. TiCl4 can react with oxygen, magnesium, sodium and aluminum at a certain temperature, and the reaction is to produce titanium dioxide by chloride method, the basis for the production of titanium sponge by magnesium thermal reduction method and titanium sponge by sodium thermal reduction method and the preparation of TiCl3 by aluminum reduction method.
molecular structure the molecular structure of titanium tetrachloride is a tetragonal type, and the Ti atom is located in the center of the tetrahedron. It is a non-polar molecule. It is a covalent bond compound with good thermal stability. Partial decomposition at 2500K, decomposition of Ti and Cl2 at 5000K. Titanium tetrachloride is a reactive compound that reacts with many elements and compounds: with certain chlorides, a series of continuous mutual solubles can be formed (e. G., TiCl4-SiCl4,TiCl4-VOCl3, etc.); intense reaction with water to form a large volume of yellow precipitate and release a large amount of heat; Moisture absorption, white smoke, with irritating odor; Liquid TiCl4 and water interaction process is complex, Mr. hydrate, when the hydrate is hydrolyzed, the Cl atom is replaced by OH-to form a compound represented by the molecular formula of hydrochloric acid and Ti(OH)nClx; The reaction with boiling water can rapidly decompose to form metatitanic acid. The steam and steam hydrolysis at 300 ℃-400 ℃ to produce TiO2; Reaction with O2 in the air at high temperature to produce TiO2 and Ti2O3Cl2; Oxidation with O2 at higher than 550 ℃, tiO2 and Cl2 are formed at 1000 ℃, and can be reduced by H2 to TiCl3 at 500 ℃-700 ℃, it is reduced to TiCl2 at 650 ℃-850 ℃ and H2 excess, and reduced to metal Ti at 1000 ℃ and H2 excess; Does not react with C; And active metals Na, K, the reactions of Mg, Ca, Al and Fe were reduced to TiCl3, TiCl2 and Ti under different conditions, and the reactions of F2, HF, H2S, NH3 and Fe2O3 with red heat occurred; can rapidly absorb NH3 and release a lot of heat; Titanium tetrachloride and many fluxes can be completely miscible or reaction, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, alcohol and cold water, and bromine miscible and red; it reacts with many organic matters containing N and O and is yellow, red or brown. It is non-corrosive to Fe at room temperature and more corrosive than 200 ℃. There are many preparation methods, generally using Cl2 or other chlorinating agents (such as HCl, COCl2, SOCl2, CHCl3, CCl4, etc.) to chloride metal Ti and its compounds (such as TiO, TiN, TiC, TiS, titanate and other Ti-containing compounds). In industrial production, it is prepared by the method of titanium rich materials such as rutile chloride and high titanium slag. When the reducing agent is added, TiO2 is very easy to carry out the following reaction:(1)TiO2 C 2Cl2 = TiCl4 CO2 (2) tiO2 2C 2Cl2 = TiCl4 2CO.
toxicity titanium tetrachloride is highly toxic, has a strong stimulating effect, can cause local Burns, chemical conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal opacity, can also cause upper respiratory tract inflammation and Pneumonia. Production of titanium metal, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, titanium tetrachloride and other harmful substances can also exist in the air, can stimulate the respiratory tract mucosa, causing serious lung damage. Long-term inhalation of titanium and its compounds dust can cause pneumoconiosis, is still inconclusive. The maximum allowable concentration of titanium tetrachloride (calculated by HCl in air) in the air of the workshop is 1mg/m3 (Su, 1972).
refined crude titanium tetrachloride the process of removing impurities from crude titanium tetrachloride and producing pure titanium tetrachloride, as the last important part of the titanium tetrachloride preparation process, the crude titanium tetrachloride is a light yellow or red-brown turbid liquid, containing many impurities, and the composition is very complex. Important impurities are SiCl4, AlCl3, FeCl3, FeCl2, VOCl3, TiOCl2, Cl2, HCl and so on. According to the difference between the impurity and the boiling point of TiCl4, it is divided into high boiling point impurity, low boiling point impurity and similar boiling point impurity. These impurities are harmful to the TiCl4 raw material used for the preparation of sponge titanium. If the crude TiCl4 liquid is used as the raw material, only the crude sponge titanium with the impurity content of 4 times the impurity content in the raw material can be prepared; for TiCl4 as a raw material for the production of pigmented titanium dioxide, VOCl3, VCl4, FeCl3, FeCl2, CrCl3, MnCl2, AlCl3, and some organic impurities cause the TiO2 to be colored. For the purification of crude TiCl with complex components, it is usually to find FeCl3 in high boiling point impurities, SiCl4 in low boiling point impurities and VOCl3 in similar boiling point impurities as key components respectively, the separation of a multi-component system is regarded as the separation of a four-component system from the key component SiCl4- TiCl4-VOCl3-FeCl3. The separation of key components is qualified, which indicates that the crude TiCl4 is qualified.
(1) physical method in addition to high boiling point and low boiling point impurities, according to their and TiCl4 boiling point or relative volatility of the characteristics of large difference, the use of distillation in addition to high boiling point substances, removal of low boiling point substances by distillation;
(2) chemical method in addition to vanadium impurities, vanadium impurities in crude TiCl4 is mainly VOCl3 and a small amount of VCl4, in addition to the purpose of vanadium is decolorization and oxygen removal. Cu in addition to V, H2S in addition to V, organic matter in addition to V. In addition to V is the separation of similar boiling point impurities. Generally, three sets of equipment are used to complete the separation process of the whole system, and the determination of the refining process scheme depends on the method of removing V. If Cu is used to remove V, V must be removed at the end; if H2S and organic matter are used to remove V, high boiling point and low boiling point impurities must be removed after V.
In the 50's of the 20th century, the production of refined titanium tetrachloride has reached industrial scale, and all countries in the world have adopted rectification method to remove SiCl4; Chemical method is used to remove vanadium, but the specific methods are not the same, japan and the United States use mineral oil method or H2S method, the former Soviet Union mainly uses aluminum method, China uses copper method.
titanium tetrachloride production process
titanium tetrachloride fuming agent titanium tetrachloride fuming agent, also known as "FM fuming agent", is a fuming agent made of titanium tetrachloride, colorless or light yellow liquid, density 1.7, melting point -30°C, boiling point 136°C. Titanium tetrachloride is decomposed into titanium dioxide and hydrogen chloride by spraying or explosive dispersion in humid air to form a smoke screen. Similar are silicon tetrachloride and tin tetrachloride. For use in smoke drapes, fumed projectiles, fumed aerial bomb.
Use used as analytical reagent and raw material for preparing titanium trichloride and metallic titanium and smoking agent
used for preparing sponge titanium and titanium dioxide, and used as a catalyst, etc.
is the main raw material for the preparation of titanium sponge and titanium dioxide by chloride method. Used as an important component of the ethylene polymerization catalyst. Used in the manufacture of pigments and titanium organic compounds and national defense smoke agent. It is also a good solvent for the dissolution of synthetic resins, rubber, plastics and other organic compounds.
determination of ferrocyanide by microanalysis. Titanium trichloride was prepared for the iodometric method. Mordant. Mixed with ammonia to form a smoking agent. Polymerization Catalysts. Iridescence for glass.
production method The high titanium slag and petroleum coke are mixed with a certain proportion by the chlorination method, crushed and reacted with human chlorine gas to generate titanium tetrachloride gas, after condensation, a liquefied titanium tetrachloride liquid was obtained, which was filtered and distilled to obtain a titanium tetrachloride product. TiO2 2C 2Cl2 → TiCl4 2CO ↑ TiO2 C 2Cl2 → TiCl4 CO2 ↑
category corrosive article
toxicity grade high toxicity
Acute toxicity inhalation-rat LC50:400 mg/CM/2 H; Inhalation-mouse LC50:100 mg/ml/2 h
flammability hazard characteristics toxic hydrogen chloride gas is generated when exposed to Fever of water; highly pyrogenic decomposition of toxic chlorides and Titanides smoke
storage and transportation characteristics The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; With alkali, oxidant, organic matter, separate storage of combustible materials
fire extinguishing agent dry sand, dry stone powder; No water
toxic substance data information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene
Raw Materials for Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene
Nitrogen
Downstream Products for Titanium(IV) chloride, 1M solution in toluene
Titanium(IV) chloride
clozapine
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